1- Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran. , khosravi_vahid@ymail.com
2- Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
3- Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Shahid Rajaee University, Tehran, Iran
2- Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
3- Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Shahid Rajaee University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (29 Views)
Urban settlements, particularly in flood-prone areas, face increasing challenges due to climate change. This study aims to identify and analyze factors influencing the resilience of urban settlements to flooding and to present a multi-layered framework based on a qualitative synthesis research methodology. Using the seven-step methodology by Sandelowski and Barroso, 30 reputable international sources published between 2010 and 2024 were analyzed. The factors affecting resilience were categorized into two levels: Physical (e.g., green and blue infrastructure, ecosystem services, nature-based solutions, hydrological models, and spatial quality) and Non-physical (including climate-adaptive planning, risk perception, participation, and crisis management). Findings indicate that effective resilience requires the integration of physical and non-physical strategies across three layers: 1)At the physical layer, nature-based solutions (NbS) such as green-blue infrastructure and flexible urban design have the greatest impact on reducing vulnerability. 2) At the social layer, community participation and integrated governance play decisive roles. And 3) At the managerial layer, early warning systems and adaptive planning are essential. The innovation of this research lies in proposing a "multi-layered resilience model" that dynamically models the interaction between physical, social, and institutional factors. This model demonstrates how technical solutions become more effective when coupled with institutional mechanisms and stakeholder engagement. The findings enable architects, urban designers, planners, and policymakers to implement resilience strategies across various scales through an integrated approach. These factors influence multiple dimensions of sustainable development and urban resilience, risk management, improvement of quality of life in settlements, and environmental balance. Sustainable development, infrastructure strengthening, urban planning that considers social, cultural, and economic dimensions, and the use of local empirical data can significantly reduce vulnerability and enhance resilience to climate crises and floods. Key recommendations of this study include: Integrating green-blue networks into urban and rural development plans; Establishing integrated institutional structures and intelligent early warning systems and Focusing on comparative studies, developing hybrid models, addressing marginalized communities, analyzing emerging technologies, and conducting long-term evaluations of natural solutions in future research. In addition to outlining the strengths and weaknesses of approaches in both developed and developing countries, this study provides a multi-layered conceptual framework that can serve as a basis for planning and designing resilient future settlements. It emphasizes the necessity of transitioning from one-dimensional approaches toward adaptive and comprehensive planning
Keywords: Future Settlement Resilience, Climate Change-Induced Urban Flooding, Qualitative Synthesis, Nature-Based Solutions, Multi-Layered Model, Adaptive Planning
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Architecture and Urbanism
Received: 2025/04/30 | Accepted: 2025/09/5
Received: 2025/04/30 | Accepted: 2025/09/5
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