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Khosravi V, Hoseini S B, Mohamad Moradi A, Saleh SedghPoor B. Qualitative Meta-Synthesis of Future Settlement Resilience to Urban Flooding: Presenting a Multi-Layered Framework. JFCV 2025; 6 (2) : 10
URL: http://jvfc.ir/article-1-461-en.html

The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the factors affecting the resilience of urban settlements to floods and to present a multilayer framework based on the qualitative synthesis method. Using the qualitative synthesis method and based on the seven-step model of Sandelowski and Barroso, this study analyzed 30 international authoritative sources (2010–2024) and identified the factors affecting urban resilience to floods. The findings show that the resilience of settlements can be classified into two main categories: physical (green and blue infrastructure, ecosystem services, nature-based solutions, and spatial quality) and non-physical (adaptive planning, risk perception, social participation, and crisis management). Based on the results, effective resilience requires the synergy of these factors in three layers: in the physical layer, nature-based solutions (NbS) and resilient design play a key role; in the social layer, local community participation and integrated governance are of particular importance; And at the management level, flexible planning and early warning systems are essential. The main innovation of the paper is in presenting a “multi-layered model of resilience” that explains the interaction between physical, social and institutional factors and shows that technical solutions will only be effective in conjunction with institutional mechanisms and stakeholder participation. This model can be the basis for developing integrated strategies for architects, planners and policymakers. Sustainable development, strengthening infrastructure, urban planning with regard to social, cultural and economic dimensions, and the use of local empirical data can have a significant impact on reducing vulnerability and increasing resilience to climate crises and floods. Key recommendations of this research include; Integrating green-blue networks into urban and rural development plans, creating integrated institutional structures and smart warning systems, and focusing on comparative study, developing hybrid models, paying attention to disadvantaged communities, analyzing new technologies, and long-term evaluation of natural solutions are future research areas.